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"tags.php3333_%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4.txt" [280]=> string(35) "tags.php3333_%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9A.txt" [281]=> string(19) "tags.php3333_5G.txt" [282]=> string(21) "tags.php3333_AWS_.txt" [283]=> string(23) "tags.php3333_Oracle.txt" } 抗体的异常能力可能会激发疫苗策略 _前沿投讯-科技创造价值

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抗体的异常能力可能会激发疫苗策略

最近发现一种以异常方式起作用的新型抗体,可能会激发出设计更有效疫苗的想法。可被靶向的常见病原体是大肠杆菌的尿路感染菌株。

该抗体似乎具有一些特性,可能会阻止细菌粘附到人体细胞表面,并使那些已经附着的细菌脱落。

抗体的异常能力可能会激发疫苗策略

研究人员在5月14日的PLOS Pathogens中报道了该抗体。华盛顿大学微生物学代理讲师Dagmara I. Kisiela是该论文的主要作者。威斯康星大学微生物学教授Evgeni V. Sokurenko是资深作者。

在这项研究中,研究人员正在寻找抗体,该抗体能被大肠杆菌用来附着在人细胞上的蛋白质所取代。这种附着是细菌必须采取的导致感染的第一步。

研究人员对引起尿路感染的大肠杆菌菌株特别感兴趣。大约有一半的女性和12%的男性会在一生中经历尿路感染。这些感染中多达90%是由困扰尿道的一种大肠杆菌菌株引起的。

为了附着在人体细胞上,大肠杆菌使用了称为毛状毛的头发状结构,其末端是口袋状的蛋白质。这些被称为黏着蛋白的蛋白质可以抓住并保持在人类细胞表面上的糖样分子上。多年来,研究人员一直在寻求开发一种疫苗,该疫苗可产生能结合并阻断称为FimH的粘附素的抗体。

为了引起感染,大肠杆菌使用FimH通过甘露糖将其附着在排尿管和膀胱壁的细胞上。在动物研究中,一种疫苗在预防尿路感染方面显示出了巨大的希望,但未能在人体中提供足够的保护。

令人失望的疫苗的后续研究表明,针对FimH蛋白产生的抗体确实可以与该蛋白结合。但是,这些抗体不能使FimH失去功能,并不能阻止细菌附着在人体细胞上。

Kisiela,Sokurenko及其同事认为,以前的疫苗尝试失败了,因为漂浮在体液中的甘露糖样分子占据了FimH甘露糖捕捉袋。他们的职业掩盖了口袋。免疫系统无法检测到该部位并产生足够的针对它的抗体。研究人员使用一种FimH形式测试了他们的假设,将口袋锁定在打开位置。这使口袋暴露于免疫系统。

研究人员发现,失活的FimH通过产生直接结合在口袋内部的抗体而起作用。所有这些抗体似乎都以经典方式起作用:该抗体本质上与甘露糖竞争进入口袋。但是,正如科学家们怀疑的那样,如果FimH已经与自由漂浮或细胞表面甘露糖结合,则大多数抗体的效力就会降低。

但是,一种抗体似乎比其他抗体更有效。这种称为Ab926的抗体不仅可以阻止细菌附着在甘露糖上,还可以迫使已经附着的细菌放开,这是其他抗体无法做到的。事实证明,mAb926不像其他抗体那样直接结合到口袋中。相反,它绑定到口袋的一侧。研究人员将这种新颖的机制称为“寄生”。

索库连科解释说:“ FimH就像三指的手,当结合时紧紧围绕着甘露糖。” “但是口袋是动态的,会间歇性地收紧和放松其抓地力。” 他继续说,这是有道理的,因为如果细菌要在泌尿道周围传播并侵入组织,它们必须能够释放自身并移动。

对于FimH,当一根手指移开时会松动,暂时放松口袋对甘露糖的握持。似乎发生的是,当口袋处于此松弛状态时,mAb926会与该手指绑定,并阻止其再次闭合。结果,FimH无法抓住甘露糖而放开。

Kisiela说,这种寄生作用比经典抗体作用有两个优势。首先,与其他类型的抗体不同,该抗体不必与自由浮动的甘露糖竞争即可进入FimH口袋。这意味着在绑定FimH到目标之前,它应该更有效地禁用FimH。

第二,因为即使细菌附着在膀胱细胞上并且一旦放松抓地力,它也可以作用于FimH。这就增加了这种抗体不仅可以用于预防感染而且可以通过放松细菌的握持力来治疗已确立的大肠杆菌感染的可能性,从而可以将其冲洗出膀胱和尿道壁。

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